Pain Facilitating Neurons in the Brainstem Mediate Cutaneous Allodynia in an Experimental Model of Headache-related Pain

......................................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION......................................................................................12 CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS & METHODS.....................................................................24 2.1 Animals....................................................................................................................24 2.2 Surgical Preparations...............................................................................................24 2.3 Behavioral Testing Protocols...................................................................................27 2.4 Injection Procedures & Reagents.............................................................................30 2.5 Immunolabeling.......................................................................................................34 2.6 Imaging & Cell Counting.........................................................................................37 2.7 Electrophysiological Studies....................................................................................38 2.8 Data Analysis...........................................................................................................39 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS...................................................................................................40 3.1 Dural IM Elicits Cutaneous Allodynia....................................................................40 3.2 FOS Expression in the TNC....................................................................................41 3.3 Systemic Drug Treatment of IM-Induced Cutaneous Allodynia.............................42 3.4 RVM Microinjection Studies...................................................................................44 3.5 IM-Related RVM Electrophysiology.......................................................................46 3.6 Glial Cell Immunofluorescence in the RVM...........................................................46 3.7 RVM 5-HT1B/1D Immunofluorescence.....................................................................48